U.S. elections can be geopolitical turning points, whether by cause or effect. Examples include the elections of Theodore Roosevelt (1904), Woodrow Wilson (1912), Franklin Roosevelt (1932), Harry Truman (1948), George W. Bush (2000) and Donald Trump (2016). We will review these six pivotal elections (and a few others) and focus on the risks and opportunities presented by the upcoming November election. In addition, the instructor will offer his speculations on the geopolitical consequences of a Trump re-election, or a Biden victory, particularly regarding U.S. responses to China's and Russia’s assertiveness and to America's global challenges. Time will be provided for group discussion.