Human fossils found in a South African cave were announced in September 2015 as a new species, Homo naledi. They were quickly featured in the October 2015 National Geographic magazine and in two TV programs. Bones from at least 15 individuals have been described in three scientific papers. Homo naledi is clearly unlike any other human species with an unusual combination of features: a small brain, yet it walked upright on long legs, and powerful human-looking hands, but with fingers that were curved as if for climbing. The instructor will summarize what we know to date and will list the questions yet to be answered and what those answers might tell us about our own evolution.