Medical imaging has grown remarkably in the 120 years since Roentgen first made an X-ray of a hand in 1895. Today we have the means to see inside our bodies noninvasively using radiological, radioisotopic, magnetic and ultrasound technologies. Without getting too technical, we’ll cover the simple basics of each modality, their advantages, limitations and challenges, as well as some hints of newer developments that apply physics to our visual understanding of some medical issues.