The Waste Land was the most important English-language poem written in the 20th century. Every English-speaking author responded to it in one way or another: Frost, William Carlos Williams and Hart Crane in denial, Fitzgerald, Hemingway, D.H. Lawrence and Faulkner in at least partial assent. Symbolism for the poem extends from the 20s to as far as Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest published in 1962.