Russia has a uniquely conflictual history that has bequeathed it a skeptical view of the West. Putin’s leadership model has amplified “making Russia great again” and this entails criticism of, and interference in, Western governments and institutions. As a result, Putin is popular at home, but foreign critics brand this policy syndrome as “national paranoia.” This session will look at the world through Russian eyes and then speculate on how Western governments may respond to Putin’s hostile initiatives.